FROZEN SECTION
PREPARED BY MR. ABHIJIT DAS
A frozen section is a quick
diagnostic method in histopathology where tissue is frozen, cut, stained, and examined under a microscope during surgery.
It helps surgeons make immediate decisions based on
the results.
INDICATIONS
1. Rapid
Diagnosis: To quickly determine if a tissue is malignant or
benign during surgery.
2. Surgical
Margins: To assess if the tumor has been completely removed
(clean margins).
3. Lymph
Node Examination: To check for metastasis in lymph nodes.
4. Infection
or Inflammation: To identify the presence of infectious
or inflammatory processes during surgery.
PRINCIPLE
The principle of a frozen section involves rapidly
freezing the tissue sample to preserve its structure. The frozen tissue is then
sliced into thin sections using a cryostat, stained, and examined under a
microscope.
CRYOSTAT SECTIONING
Ø Tissue
is quickly frozen to preserve its structure.
Ø The
frozen tissue is placed in a cryostat, a machine that maintains very low
temperatures.
Ø The
cryostat's microtome cuts ultra-thin sections of the tissue.
Ø These
sections are stained and examined under a microscope for rapid diagnosis.
FACTORS
AFFECTING THE GOOD QUALITY SECTION
A. Freezing
Temperature: Proper freezing (around -20°C to -30°C)
prevents tissue damage.
B. Tissue
Handling: Gentle handling avoids distortion or tearing.
C. Tissue
Type:
Some tissues, like fatty tissue, are harder to section and may require special
care.
D. Blade
Sharpness: A sharp microtome blade ensures clean, smooth cuts.
E.
Cutting Speed:
Slow, steady cutting helps produce even, thin sections.