ANTI VIRAL DRUGS
PREPARED BY MR. ABHIJIT DAS
Antiviral drugs are medications
specifically designed to treat viral infections.
CLASSIFICATION:
1.
FUSION INHIBITORS:
·
Example:
Enfuvirtide
·
MOA:
Prevent the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes, inhibiting the entry of
the virus into the host cell.
·
Adverse Effects:
Injection site reactions, hypersensitivity reactions.
·
Uses:
i.
Treatment of HIV/AIDS
ii.
Prevention
of HIV transmission in certain high-risk populations
2.
UNCOATING INHIBITORS:
·
Example:
Amantadine, Rimantadine
·
MOA:
Block the uncoating process, preventing the release of the viral genetic
material into the host cell.
·
Adverse Effects:
Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache.
·
Uses:
i.
Treatment and prophylaxis
of influenza A
ii.
Treatment of fatigue associated with multiple
sclerosis.
3.
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS:
·
Example:
Zidovudine, Efavirenz
·
MOA:
Inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme, crucial for the conversion of viral
RNA into DNA in retroviruses.
·
Adverse Effects:
Nausea, rash, hepatotoxicity.
·
Uses:
i.
Treatment of HIV/AIDS
ii.
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
4.
INTEGRASE INHIBITORS:
·
Example:
Raltegravir, Dolutegravir
·
MOA:
Block the integrase enzyme, preventing the integration of viral DNA into the
host cell genome.
·
Adverse Effects:
Headache, insomnia, hypersensitivity reactions.
·
Uses:
i.
Treatment of HIV/AIDS
ii.
Combination therapy for newly diagnosed HIV patients
5.
PROTEASE INHIBITORS:
·
Example:
Lopinavir, Atazanavir
·
MOA:
Block the activity of protease enzymes, essential for the maturation of viral
particles.
·
Adverse Effects:
Gastrointestinal disturbances, hyperlipidemia.
·
Uses:
i.
Treatment of HIV/AIDS
ii.
Management of hepatitis C
6.
NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS:
·
Example:
Oseltamivir, Zanamivir
·
MOA:
Inhibit the neuraminidase enzyme, reducing the release of virus particles from
infected cells.
·
Adverse Effects:
Nausea, vomiting, bronchospasm (for inhaled neuraminidase inhibitors).
·
Uses:
i.
Treatment and prevention
of influenza
ii.
Prophylaxis in high-risk
populations during flu season