ANTI VIRAL DRUGS

 

ANTI VIRAL DRUGS

PREPARED BY MR. ABHIJIT DAS

Antiviral drugs are medications specifically designed to treat viral infections.


CLASSIFICATION:

1.    FUSION INHIBITORS:

·        Example: Enfuvirtide

·        MOA: Prevent the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes, inhibiting the entry of the virus into the host cell.

·        Adverse Effects: Injection site reactions, hypersensitivity reactions.

·        Uses:

                                              i.          Treatment of HIV/AIDS

                                            ii.          Prevention of HIV transmission in certain high-risk populations

2.    UNCOATING INHIBITORS:

·        Example: Amantadine, Rimantadine

·        MOA: Block the uncoating process, preventing the release of the viral genetic material into the host cell.

·        Adverse Effects: Gastrointestinal disturbances, headache.

·        Uses:

                                              i.          Treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A

                                            ii.          Treatment of fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis.

3.    REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS:

·        Example: Zidovudine, Efavirenz

·        MOA: Inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme, crucial for the conversion of viral RNA into DNA in retroviruses.

·        Adverse Effects: Nausea, rash, hepatotoxicity.

·        Uses:

                                              i.          Treatment of HIV/AIDS

                                            ii.          Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV

4.    INTEGRASE INHIBITORS:

·        Example: Raltegravir, Dolutegravir

·        MOA: Block the integrase enzyme, preventing the integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome.

·        Adverse Effects: Headache, insomnia, hypersensitivity reactions.

·        Uses:

                                              i.          Treatment of HIV/AIDS

                                            ii.          Combination therapy for newly diagnosed HIV patients

5.    PROTEASE INHIBITORS:

·        Example: Lopinavir, Atazanavir

·        MOA: Block the activity of protease enzymes, essential for the maturation of viral particles.

·        Adverse Effects: Gastrointestinal disturbances, hyperlipidemia.

·        Uses:

                                              i.          Treatment of HIV/AIDS

                                            ii.          Management of hepatitis C

6.    NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS:

·        Example: Oseltamivir, Zanamivir

·        MOA: Inhibit the neuraminidase enzyme, reducing the release of virus particles from infected cells.

·        Adverse Effects: Nausea, vomiting, bronchospasm (for inhaled neuraminidase inhibitors).

·        Uses:

                                              i.          Treatment and prevention of influenza

                                            ii.          Prophylaxis in high-risk populations during flu season

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