THYROID FUNCTION TESTS
PREPARED BY MR. ABHIJIT DAS
1.
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone):
TSH is produced by the pituitary gland and regulates thyroid hormone
production. High TSH levels may indicate an
underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), while low levels may indicate an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism).
·
Normal Range: 0.4 to 4.0
milli-international units per liter (mIU/L).
2.
Free T4 (Free Thyroxine)
and Total T4 (Total Thyroxine): T4 is a thyroid hormone that helps
regulate metabolism. In hypothyroidism (underactive
thyroid), Free T4 and Total T4 levels may be decreased.
Conversely, in hyperthyroidism (overactive
thyroid), Free T4 and Total T4 levels may be elevated.
·
Normal Range: Free T4: 0.9 to 1.8
nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL); Total T4: 4.5 to 11.2 micrograms per deciliter
(μg/dL).
3.
Free T3 (Free Triiodothyronine)
and Total T3 (Total Triiodothyronine): T3 is another thyroid hormone
that is more potent than T4. In hypothyroidism,
Free T3 and Total T3 levels may be decreased.
Conversely, in hyperthyroidism, Free T3 and
Total T3 levels may be elevated.
·
Normal Range: Free T3: 2.3 to 4.2
picograms per milliliter (pg/mL); Total T3: 80 to 200 nanograms per deciliter
(ng/dL).
4.
Thyroid Antibodies:
These tests detect antibodies produced by the immune system that may attack the
thyroid gland. Elevated levels may indicate autoimmune thyroid diseases like Hashimoto's
thyroiditis or Graves' disease.
5.
Thyroglobulin:
Thyroglobulin is a protein produced by the thyroid gland. Elevated levels may indicate thyroid cancer.
6.
Thyroid Ultrasound:
This imaging test uses sound waves to create pictures of the thyroid gland. It
helps evaluate the size, shape, and structure of
the thyroid and detect abnormalities.
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