BIOCHEMICAL TESTS OF
CSF
PREPARED BY MR. ABHIJIT DAS
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) function tests, also known
as CSF analysis or CSF studies, are diagnostic procedures used to assess the
composition and properties of cerebrospinal fluid. CSF is a clear, colorless
fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, serving several crucial
functions, including protection, support, and nutrient supply to the central
nervous system (CNS).
CSF function tests are commonly performed to help
diagnose various neurological disorders, infections, and inflammatory conditions
affecting the CNS. The most common CSF function tests include:
1. Cell
Count and Differential: This test examines the number and type of cells present
in the CSF. An elevated white blood cell count may indicate infection or
inflammation, while an increased number of red blood cells may suggest bleeding
in the CNS.
2. Protein
Content: The amount of protein in the CSF is measured. Elevated protein levels
can be a sign of inflammation, infection, or certain neurological conditions.
3. Glucose
Level: CSF glucose levels are compared to blood glucose levels. A decreased CSF
glucose level relative to blood glucose may indicate bacterial or fungal
meningitis.
4. Lactate
Level: Elevated lactate levels in CSF can be a marker of bacterial or viral
infections of the CNS.
5. Opening
Pressure: This measures the pressure of the CSF within the spinal canal. High
pressure can be indicative of conditions such as hydrocephalus.
6. Viral
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction): This test detects the presence of viral DNA or
RNA in the CSF and is commonly used to diagnose viral infections like herpes
encephalitis.