BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
PREPARED BY MR. ABHIJIT DAS
1.
Electron Transport Chain (ETC):
·
Step 1:
Electrons (e-) from NADH and FADH2 are
passed through protein complexes (I, II, III, IV) in the inner
mitochondrial membrane.
·
Step 2:
As electrons move through the complexes, protons are pumped
across the membrane (from matrix to inter membrane space), creating a proton
gradient.
2.
Oxidative Phosphorylation:
·
Step 3:
Protons flow back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase.
·
Step 4:
This flow activates ATP synthase.
· Step 5: ATP synthase converts ADP and inorganic phosphate (p) into ATP.
[NOTE]
The term "oxidative phosphorylation"
reflects two key aspects of the process:
1.
Oxidative:
·
Refers to the oxidation of electron
carriers, such as NADH and FADH2, which donate electrons (e-) to the
electron transport chain (ETC).
2.
Phosphorylation:
·
Refers to the addition of a phosphate
group (p) to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) to form ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
·
This phosphorylation occurs as a result
of the flow of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase.