Digestive System – Short Answer Questions

 

Digestive System – Short Answer Questions 

(1 Mark Each)

1. Define digestion.
   → Digestion is the process of converting complex food substances into simpler absorbable forms.
2. What is the alimentary canal?
   → A long muscular tube extending from mouth to anus.
3. Name the parts of the alimentary canal.
   → Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus.
4. Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?
   → Buccal cavity.
5. Which enzymes are present in saliva?
   → Salivary amylase (ptyalin) & lysozymes.
6. Name the three salivary glands.
   → Parotid, submandibular, sublingual.
7. How many permanent teeth are present in adults?
   → 32.
8. Write the dental formula of adult human.
   → 2-1-2-3 / 2-1-2-3.
9. What is the function of tongue?
   → Helps in mastication, taste, and swallowing.
10. What is peristalsis?
    → Wave-like muscular movement of the alimentary canal.
11. Name the regions of stomach.
    → Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus.
12. What is gastric juice?
    → Digestive secretion of stomach.
13. Which cells secrete HCl?
    → Parietal cells.
14. Which cells secrete pepsinogen?
    → Chief cells.
15. What activates pepsinogen?
    → Hydrochloric acid [HCl].
16. Function of pepsin?
    → Breaks proteins into peptides and peptones.
17. What is the pH of stomach?
    → Around 1.5–3.5.
18. What is chyme?
    → Semi-digested food from stomach.
19. Name the largest gland in the body.
    → Liver.
20. Main Function of bile?
    → Emulsification of fats.
21. Where is bile stored?
    → Gallbladder.
22. What type of gland is pancreas?
    → Mixed gland (exocrine and endocrine).
23. Which part of small intestine receives bile and pancreatic juice?
    → Duodenum.
24. Name parts of small intestine.
    → Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
25. What are villi?
    → Finger-like projections in small intestine for absorption.
26. Which part absorbs maximum nutrients?
    → Small intestine.
27. Define absorption.
    → Passage of digested food into blood or lymph.
28. What is mechanical digestion?
    → Physical breakdown of food.
29. What is chemical digestion?
    → Enzymatic breakdown of food.
30. What is the function of mucus in stomach?
    → Protects stomach lining.
31. What is castle’s intrinsic factor?
    → Substance necessary for Vitamin B₁₂ absorption.
32. What prevents backflow of food into esophagus?
    → Gastro-esophageal sphincter.
33. Define mastication.
    → Chewing of food.
34. What is defecation?
    → Elimination of feces.
35. Function of trypsin?
    → Digests proteins.
36. Which organ produces bile?
    → Liver.
37. Name the first part of large intestine.
    → Caecum.
38. What is the function of teeth?
    → Cutting and grinding food.
39. What is deglutition?
    → Swallowing of food.
40. Name the muscular layer responsible for peristalsis.
    → Muscularis layer.
41. What is emulsification?
    → Breaking fat into small droplets.

Thank you

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